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Deglutition therapy, or swallowing therapyDeglutition therapy, or swallowing therapy, is a treatment by Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) for dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) to strengthen throat muscles, improve coordination, and ensure safe eating/drinking, reducing choking and aspiration risks through exercises like tongue strengthening, head positions, and effortful swallows, making swallowing easier and improving quality of life.
What it addresses (Dysphagia Signs)
Coughing or throat clearing during/after eating/drinking
Gurgly or wet-sounding voice
Extra effort or time to chew/swallow
Drooling or difficulty managing saliva
Common Therapy Techniques & Exercises
Muscle Strengthening: Exercises for tongue, lips, and larynx (voice box)
Tongue Exercises: Sticking tongue out, holding it with a depressor, pulling it back, moving sideto-side (e.g., Masako maneuver).
Effortful Swallows: “Eee” sound with rising pitch or pretending to gargle/yawn while holding tongue back.
Shaker Exercise: Lying down, lifting head to chin, holding, then lowering (strengthens neck muscles).
Postural Changes: Tilting head or changing body position to redirect food flow.
Biofeedback: Using devices (like manometry or endoscopic) for visual feedback during exercises.
Goals of Therapy
Improve muscle strength, range of motion, and coordination for swallowing.
Reduce risk of food/liquid entering lungs (aspiration).
Increase comfort, safety, and independence while eating.
Improve sensory awareness during eating.
Who Provides It?
Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) are the primary therapists for swallowing disorders.
How it Works ?
An SLP evaluates your swallowing and creates a personalized plan.
You learn exercises and compensatory strategies to practice in therapy and at home.
Caregivers may help with food preparation and practicing the plan.
What is the best therapy for swallowing?
Exercises to Help Dysphagia
Effortful Swallow. Step 1: Gather the saliva in your mouth in the middle of your tongue. …
Dynamic Shaker. Step 1: Lie on your back on a flat surface. …
Jaw Thrust. …
Masako Maneuver. …
Mendelsohn Maneuver. …
Supraglottic Maneuver. …
Hyoid Lift Maneuver.
Dysphagia Management in Cambodia: Year TwoPosted: April 7, 2025
Our collaboration with the University of Puthisastra (UP) and Rotary International in Dysphagia Management education for Cambodian medical professionals has reached the midpoint of its second year.
We are happy to report that the 13 Cambodian doctors, nurses, and physical therapists who completed their rigorous one-year training last September are now applying their dysphagia management skills at their respective hospitals and clinics in Phnom Penh.
These UP-certified dysphagia clinicians are leading efforts in their workplaces to evaluate and treat patients with swallowing problems and to educate family members and caregivers in the safe management of individuals with dysphagia.
Building a Sustainable Future Through Training and Mentorship.
The current cohort of 10 healthcare professionals now enrolled in Year Two of the UP program have completed their intensive 3-month series of academic lectures and hands-on workshops.
The current trainees are now evaluating and treating patients in their respective hospitals and clinics under the supervision of experienced volunteer SLPs funded by Rotary International. As part of this process, our Year One graduates are offering observation sessions to these new trainees at their hospitals.
In addition, four outstanding clinicians from Year One are participating in an innovative Mentorship Program under the supervision of Rotary Volunteer SLPs. Graduates of the program will be prepared to supervise and support new trainees from the UP course.
Over time, this “train the trainer” approach will enable Cambodian clinicians to assume the dysphagia training and supervision responsibilities currently provided by international SLPs.
Ms. Chhoeung Siyin, a student in the second year of the certificate program, says the training is already making a positive impact in her work.
“Receiving training in adult dysphagia management is very important because it helps patients to regain the ability to swallow and significantly avoid other risks caused by dysphagia,” says Ms. Siyin, a physiotherapist at Calmette Hospital in Phnom Penh.
Neuro disorderDysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia are often confused with one another, but each one affects a completely different learning skill.
Understanding the difference helps parents support their child without pressure, comparison, or frustration.
Dysgraphia affects writing.
Children may struggle with grip, letter formation, spacing, and written expression because their brain and hand have trouble working together.
Dyslexia affects reading.
Children may find it hard to decode words, recognise letter sounds,
blend sounds, or read fluently. It’s a processing difference, not a lack of effort.
Dyscalculia affects numbers.
Children may struggle with counting, understanding quantities, remembering steps in math, telling time, or managing money. Their
brain processes numerical concepts differently.
These learning difficulties are not signs of low intelligence, laziness, or carelessness.
They simply mean the child’s brain needs a different way of learning — one that feels safe, slow, supportive, and multisensory.
When we stop blaming the child and start understanding the challenge, confidence grows, shame reduces, and real progress begins.
( dysgraphia, dyslexia, dyscalculia, children with dyslexia, children with dysgraphia, learning difficulty, Asha hai, best therapy centre in Delhi)
Neuro medicine Vs NeurosurgeryNeuro medicine (Neurology) diagnoses and treats nervous system disorders with medication and therapies, while neurosurgery performs surgery on the brain, spine, and nerves for structural problems, with neurologists often referring patients to neurosurgeons when surgery becomes necessary, though some neurosurgeons also offer non-surgical treatments. Think of a neurologist as a medical manager and a neurosurgeon as a surgical specialist for the nervous system, with both often collaborating on complex cases like tumors, aneurysms, Parkinson’s, or spinal issues.
Neurology (Neuro Medicine)
Focus: Diagnosing and managing conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, and nerves (e.g., epilepsy, migraines, MS, Parkinson’s, stroke, Alzheimer’s).
Treatments: Medications, therapies (physical, speech), lifestyle changes, managing chronic conditions.
Role: The primary point of contact for most neurological symptoms; they handle non-surgical care and refer to surgery if needed.
Neurosurgery
Focus: Surgical treatment for structural problems in the nervous system.
Treatments: Operations like tumor removal, spinal fusion, aneurysm repair, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS).
Role: Performs surgical interventions for severe conditions, often after a neurologist’s evaluation.
When to See Which
Start with a Neurologist: For symptoms like headaches, dizziness, memory issues, tremors, or seizures.
See a Neurosurgeon if: You have a known structural issue like a tumor, herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or aneurysm, or if non-surgical treatments fail.
What is the difference between neuro medicine and neurosurgeon?
The primary distinction between a neurologist and a neurosurgeon is selfevident. While a neurosurgeon may conduct surgery to treat medical problems, neurologists treat specific conditions with medications and other procedures.
The work of neurologists and neurosurgeons is complementary. Apr 12, 2021
Neuro-medicine for autistic children focuses on managing specific challenging symptoms like aggression, hyperactivity, irritability, and sleep issues, with atypical antipsychotics (Risperidone, Aripiprazole) often used for severe behavior, alongside SSRIs for anxiety/repetitive behaviors, and sometimes stimulants for focus, though always after behavioral therapies, with some promising off-label treatments like Leucovorin (folate support) showing significant language improvement, emphasizing specialist supervision due to side effects.
Common Medications & Uses
Atypical Antipsychotics (Risperidone, Aripiprazole): FDA-approved for irritability/aggression in autism; reduce hyperactivity, tantrums, and self-injury.
SSRIs (e.g., Fluoxetine): Help with anxiety, repetitive behaviors (stimming), tantrums, and improving eye contact.
Stimulants (e.g., Methylphenidate): Can improve focus and decrease hyperactivity, especially for those with milder ASD symptoms.
Melatonin: Commonly used to address sleep problems common in autistic individuals.
Emerging & Off-Label Treatments
Leucovorin (Folate Support): An off-label treatment that helps folate (B vitamin) cross into the brain, showing promise in improving language and communication in some children.
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): An antioxidant showing potential in reducing irritability and stereotyped behaviors.
Important Considerations
Specialist Care: Medication should always be managed by a developmental pediatrician or child psychiatrist after behavioral strategies are tried.
Symptom-Focused: Drugs target specific co-occurring conditions (anxiety, aggression, sleep) rather than autism itself.
Side Effects: Antipsychotics, while effective, can have significant side effects like weight gain, metabolic changes, and movement disorders, requiring careful monitoring.
Neurosurgery, "time windows"In neurosurgery, “time windows” are critical periods during which medical or surgical intervention can significantly improve outcomes and prevent irreversible damage. The optimal time window is highly specific to the condition, as different pathologies have varying biological processes and risks at different times.
Key Time Windows in Neurosurgery
The concept of a “golden hour” is frequently referenced in acute care, emphasizing the need for prompt action in severe brain injuries.
Here are specific time windows for various conditions:
Condition Optimal Time Window for Surgery Key Consideration Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Ultra-early intervention, as soon as possible after injury Rapid stabilization and intervention is crucial to minimize brain damage.
Acute Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Within 24 hours of injury is associated with significantly improved neurological recovery. The first 24-36 hours are considered a crucial period where “time is spine”.
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (sICH) Generally, within 6 to 24 hours of onset.
Specific to hematoma volume * 30-50 mL: 6-12 hours** Surgery within 6 hours
(ultra-early) carries a higher risk of rebleeding, likely because the bleeding is still active.
* >50 mL: ≤6 hours**Ultra-early surgery may be more effective for large hematomas.
Lumbar Disk Herniation (LDH) Within 3 days in patients with severe or moderate motor deficits. The duration of motor deficit before surgery is a major predictor of recovery.
Important Considerations
“Time is Brain/Spine“: This principle highlights that every second and minute counts in managing acute neurological injuries to preserve function and maximize recovery.
Controversy: The exact optimal timing can be a subject of debate among clinicians, with ongoing research to refine guidelines based on individual patient factors like age, hematoma size, and location of injury.
Individualized Care: These are general guidelines; a neurosurgeon will determine the best course of action based on a comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s specific condition and overall health.
Speech and Swallowing TherapyWhat is Speech and Swallowing Therapy ?
Speech and swallowing therapy addresses communication disorders, including speaking, listening, and understanding language.
The Benefits of Speech and Swallowing Therapy ?
Speech therapy offers vital support for speech, language, and swallowing, improving quality of life.
Speech Clarity
Corrects articulation to enhance clarity and effectiveness of speech.
Language Development
Facilitates the development and comprehension of language, including grammar, vocabulary, and expression.
Voice Quality Management
Addresses and treats vocal issues, ensuring a healthier vocal tone and control.
Speech Fluency
Smoothens speech flow, addressing stuttering and other fluency concerns.
Cognitive Communication
Enhances communication by improving cognitive abilities that support language, such as memory and attention
Swallowing Function
Provides strategies and exercises to strengthen muscles and improve the mechanics of swallowing
What is Parenting? Parenting can be wild! What’s going on with your little ones? Specific age group or issue you’re dealing with?
At 8 months, they’re basically tiny little humans exploring the world! What’s keeping you up at night? Sleep regression, eating habits, or something else?
Sleep can be a real challenge at this age Is your little one having trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early? Any bedtime routine or sleep associations you’ve tried so far?
WHY NEEDED SPEECH THERAPY FOR SPEECH DELAY CHILD?
Speech therapy can really help kids with speech delay . It identifies issues early, improves communication skills, and boosts confidence. Therapists create fun activities tailored to the child’s needs, making progress feel like play. Want to know more about how it can support your little one?
WHICH AGE IS THE BEST AGE FOR SPEECH THERAPY START FOR A SPEECH DELAY CHILD?
The best age for speech therapy is actually earlier rather than later! Research shows that intervening between 2-3 years old can be super effective, but it’s never too late to start! 🕰 For kids under 2, many pediatricians recommend monitoring development and may suggest therapy if there are concerns. My friend’s little one started therapy at 18 months and made great progress! Have a pediatrician’s perspective or specific concerns about starting therapy?
REALLY, IS IMPROVING HAS TAKE SPEECH THERAPY FOR A SPEECH DELAY CHILD?
Absolutely! Speech therapy can work wonders for kids with speech delay! Progress varies, but many kids show significant improvement with consistent therapy and practice . What’s your little one’s specific situation – are they already in therapy or considering starting?
HOW LONG IT’S CONTINUE FOR THE THERAPY TAKEN?
The length of speech therapy varies depending on the child’s needs and progress . Some kids might need a few months, while others might need a year or more . Factors like severity of the delay, therapy frequency, and practice at home play a big role . Your speech therapist can give you a better estimate based on your child’sprogress
WHICH TECHNIQUE IS BEST FOR A SPEECH DELAY CHILD?
Speech therapists use various techniques tailored to the child’s needs . Some effective
methods include:
– Play-based therapy
– Parent-child interaction therapy
– Articulation therapy (e.g., phonetic placement, auditory bombardment)
– Language intervention (e.g., expanding vocabulary, sentence structure)
A speech therapist will assess your child and create a personalized plan . Want more info on these techniques?
WHAT IS THE MAIN ROLE FOR PARENTS AS A SPEECH DELAY CHILD? The main role for parents is to provide a supportive and nurturing environment that encourages communication . This includes:
– Talking to your child regularly
– Responding to their attempts to communicate
– Reading together
– Playing with your child and engaging in activitiesthat promote language development
– Practicing speech exercises and activities recommended by the therapist.
Being a good language model and showing patience and encouragement can make a big difference.
IS EFFECTIVE SPEECH THERAPY FOR A SPEECH DELAY CHILD ?
Speech therapy can be super effective for kids with speech delay! Many children make significant progress and improve their communication skills with the right therapy and support.
WHICH IS THE BEST PROCESS FOR A SPEECH DELAY CHILD, HOME BASED PROGRAM OR INSTITUTE BASED PROGRAM?
The best approach often combines both! Home-based programs offer convenience and family involvement, while institute-based programs provide structured therapy and social interaction . Some families find a hybrid model works best, with regular therapy sessions at the institute and practice at home What are your thoughts on this.
WHAT ARE THE MAIN GOAL FOR A SPEECH DELAY CHILD?
The main goals for a child with speech delay are:
– Improve communication skills
– Increase vocabulary
– Enhance articulation and pronunciation
– Develop language comprehension and expression
– Boost confidence in communication
These goals are tailored to the child’s specific needs and age